Help Learning to Garden in the Inland Northwest

I have lived most of my life in a tropical or sub-tropical area, and I've been able to grow nearly anything with very little trouble. Now I'm living in a zone 5B area, with 4 distinct seasons, and I've not had a great deal of luck so far, though I am slowly learning. For instance--the first year I lost 8 roses, the second year only 2, although I didn't have as many the second year, so it might not have been that much of an improvement. Last year I decided to try more shrubs and bushes, and had to replace several of them. I thought I could figure out which bulbs were okay and where to put them, but not so much. But the tulips are doing great.

What I need, I guess, is some advice on what will survive here, how to ensur their winter survival, and what will do well in shde--nearly all the front yard is shaded by large trees, and at least half of the back. Any and all advice would be appreciated.